1) produce a total of 95 million cubic metres of desalinated water per day and an estimated 142 million cubic metres of hypersaline brine, of which approximately 8.45 million cubic metres of salt per day are disposed into the sea. Around the world, some 15,906 operational desalination plants (see Fig. The process of extracting fresh water from seawater and discharging the residue (hypersaline brine) into the sea is called desalination. In some coastal areas seawater has been used as a resource for producing fresh water. Due to increasing demand for fresh water and its limited supply, almost 47% of the world population does not have enough fresh water for at least one month each year. During the past decades it has attracted wide attention as a residue of desalination and potash production. One of the new promising materials is salt (sodium chloride), which has been a valuable material for many centuries. So finding more available, affordable and environment friendly materials and using more efficient technological processes such as 3D printing will help to save material resources and minimize the impact of the whole building process. The construction sector is, in Europe, not only responsible for 50% of overall material consumption but also for the generation of one third of the total waste and 5–12% of total European greenhouse emissions. However, meeting world material needs is becoming more difficult each year due to the growth of the world population, increasing climatic changes and restricted commercial activities such as the COVID-19 disease. Keywordsīuilding materials are of great importance for our society and are used to protect us from the outdoor weather conditions and to influence our physical/psychological well-being. However, incorporating salt in additive manufacturing showed a potential of saving material resources, addressing environmental issues and initiating new construction processes. For future full-scale 3D printing with salt many steps still have to be taken. As the research shows, the salt in material extrusion processes can substitute the main material by up to 70%, is successfully manipulated with different additives (to improve the workability of the printing mortar) and is highly dependent on the printer`s settings. In the first phase (P1) the mixing ratio of salt and potential binders (clay, gypsum, cement and starch) was defined in the phase two (P2) the most promising mixture was selected, modified by additives and investigated by 3D image scan measurements and in the last third phase (P3) the potential applications of salt in additive manufacturing were presented. Experimental studies of different salt mixtures with different binders, printing properties and other parameters were analyzed in three stages. Thus, the focus of the study was on small-scale 3D printing with paste extrusion. This research presents an investigation and evaluation of using salt as an alternative material in additive manufacturing. It is highly available as a residue of desalination and potash production processes and attracts attention due to its material properties (storage of humidity and heat). One of the most promising materials is salt (sodium chloride). 18:17:22,076 - WARNING - UM.Qt.QtApplication._onQmlWarning : file:///C:/Users/lzpro/AppData/Roaming/cura/4.9/plugins/SidebarGUIPlugin/SidebarGUIPlugin/resources/qml/ViewOptionsPanel.Sustainable materials and additive manufacturing have the potential to increase material efficiency and minimize waste in the building process. 18:17:22,076 - WARNING - UM.Qt.QtApplication._onQmlWarning : file:///C:/Users/lzpro/AppData/Roaming/cura/4.9/plugins/SidebarGUIPlugin/SidebarGUIPlugin/resources/qml/ViewOptionsPanel.qml:148:13: QML QQuickItem: Binding loop detected for property "children" 18:17:22,061 - WARNING - UM.Qt.QtApplication._onQmlWarning : file:///C:/Users/lzpro/AppData/Roaming/cura/4.9/plugins/SidebarGUIPlugin/SidebarGUIPlugin/resources/qml/ViewOptionsPanel.qml:148:13: QML QQuickItem: Binding loop detected for property "children"
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |